two scientists observe a plant growing without any water added to the soil. Doctor Allen offers the hypothesis that this species of plant must derive water from the atmosphere. Doctor Bateman does not agree, instead hypothesizing that plans must keep water in its roots so it can survive when droughts occur. What does this situation demonstrate about the formation of scientific knowledge? a. Whenever experts contradict each other, it points to a basic flaw in the theory. b. Disagreement and conflict are a natural part of scientific research. c. Experts should not publicize their findings until they are sure they are correct. d. Whenever strange results are observed, it is best to create a theory before testing it.