A horizontal pipe has varying cross-section, with one section having a diameter of 5.5cm and another section having a diameter of 4.6 cm. When a fluid of density 3.38 g-cm-3 flows through the pipe, it has a flow speed of 715 cm-s-1 and pressure of 3.45 x 105 Pa in the section with diameter 5.5 cm.A) Calculate the flow speed (in m-s-1) of the fluid in the section with diameter 4.6 cm.B) What is the pressure (in × 105 Pa) in the section with diameter 4.6 cm?

Respuesta :

Given data:

* The given section with the diameter d_1 = 5.5 cm.

* The flow speed of the fluid in the section with the diameter d_1 is v_1 = 715 cm/s.

* The diameter of the other section is d_2 = 4.6 cm

* The density of the fluid is,

[tex]d=3.38gcm^{-3}[/tex]

* The pressure of fluid in the section with diameter d_1 is,

[tex]P_1=3.45\times10^5\text{ Pa}[/tex]

Solution:

(A). The flow rate of the fluid remains constant, thus,

[tex]A_1v_1=A_2v_2[/tex]

where A_1 is the area of the section with diameter d_1, A_2 is the area of the other section with diameter d_2, and v_2 is the velocity of the fluid in section with diameter d_2,

The area of the section with diameter d_1 is,

[tex]\begin{gathered} A_1=\pi\times(\frac{d_1}{2})^2 \\ A_1=\frac{\pi d^2_1}{4}_{} \end{gathered}[/tex]

Substituting the known values,

[tex]\begin{gathered} A_1=\frac{\pi\times(5.5)^2^{}}{4} \\ A_1=23.76cm^2 \end{gathered}[/tex]

The area of the other section of pipe with diameter d_2 is,

[tex]\begin{gathered} A_2=\frac{\pi d^2_2}{4} \\ A_2=\frac{\pi\times4.6^2}{4} \\ A_2=16.62cm^2 \end{gathered}[/tex]

Thus, the velocity of the fluid from the other section with diameter d_2 is,

[tex]\begin{gathered} A_1\times v_1=A_2\times v_2 \\ 23.76cm^2\times715\times10^{-2}ms^{-1}=16.62cm^2\times v_2 \\ 23.76cm^2\times7.15ms^{-1}=16.62cm^2\times v_2 \\ v_2=\frac{23.76\times7.15}{16.62}ms^{-1} \end{gathered}[/tex]

By simplifying,

[tex]\begin{gathered} v_2=\frac{169.9}{16.62}ms^{-1} \\ v_2=10.22ms^{-1} \end{gathered}[/tex]

Thus, the velocity of the fluid from the other section with a diameter of 4.6 cm is 10.22 m/s.

(B). From Bernoulli's principle, the relation between the pressure and velocity on each section is,

[tex]P_1+\frac{1}{2}d_{}v^2_1=P_2+\frac{1}{2}dv^2_2[/tex]

where d is the density of the fluid, P_1 is the pressure of fluid in the section with diameter d_1 and p_2 is the pressure of the fluid in the section with the diameter d_2,

Substituting the known values,

[tex]3.45\times10^5\times\frac{1}{2}\times3.38\times10^{3^{}}\times(715\times10^{-2})^2=P_2\times\frac{1}{2}\times3.38\times10^{3^{}}\times(10.22)^2[/tex]

By simplifying,

[tex]\begin{gathered} 3.45\times10^5\times\frac{1}{2}\times3.38\times10^{3^{}}\times(7.15)^2=P_2\times\frac{1}{2}\times3.38\times10^{3^{}}\times(10.22)^2 \\ 298.07\times10^8=P_2\times176.5\times10^3 \\ P_2=\frac{298.07\times10^8}{176.5\times10^3} \\ P_2=1.69\times10^5\text{ Pa} \end{gathered}[/tex]

Thus, the pressure of fluid in the section with a diameter of 4.6 cm is,

[tex]\text{1}.69\times10^5\text{ Pa}[/tex]