This is so why because, for identical glucose levels, the oral glucose exhibits a higher insulin response than the intravenous glucose; this difference is caused by the incretin effect.
The incretin effect may not be limited to glucose alone, according to research. The term "incretin effect" refers to the phenomenon whereby oral glucose in healthy individuals causes higher insulin secretory responses than intravenous glucose, even though both induce similar levels of glycemia.
The release of the gut hormones glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1, as well as their impact on beta cells, are the primary causes of the incretin effect. The increased stimulation of insulin secretion brought on by oral glucose administration as opposed to intravenous glucose administration at constant plasma glucose levels is known as the "incretin effect."
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