On March 2, 1861, Texas formally joined the fledgling Confederacy as the seventh state. Gov. Sam Houston opposed secession and struggled with his allegiances to his new state as well as his country.
His refusal to swear an oath of allegiance to the new administration was due to his strong belief in the Union, which lost him his position. Texas was required to re-join the United States of America after the Confederate States were defeated in the American Civil War. Beginning on June 19, 1865, soldiers from the Union Army assumed formal control of the region. Texas was not an exception to the early American tradition of enslaving African Americans. Even though the Mexican government condemned slavery, Texas had 5000 slaves by the year 1850. the year 1836, during the Texas Revolution. Slavery existed in the earliest societies (such as Sumer in Mesopotamia, which dates back as far as 3500 BC). The Mesopotamian Code of Hammurabi (circa 1750 BC) mentions slavery and describes it as an established institution.
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