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a population of drosophila colonizes a newly formed island in the hawaiian archipelago. they evolve morphological changes that allow them to avoid predation on the new island. after many generations, flies from the new island disperse back to the original island, but no longer recognize the original population as the same species. this is an example of:

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This is an illustration of allopatric speciation by dispersal, with natural selection driving divergence.

In order to evolve reproductive isolation, allopatric speciation is a process that builds up genetic variations between species while they are geographically separated. A long, gradual geological process, such as an elevation of land, the movement of a glacier, or the development of a body of water, frequently causes the populations to physically split first. The divided populations then diverge due to modifications in mating behaviour or habitat utilisation. Geographic speciation, sometimes referred to as allopatric speciation, is the process of biological populations of the same species becoming isolated because of geographic changes like the formation of mountains or social changes like emigration.

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