Famous European intellectuals of the 1950s and 1960s believed that immigrants from North Africa and Turkey would never adopt European values and customs because of their Muslim faith.
Before the Arab Muslim conquerors arrived from Arabia in the west, these people practiced their own religion. From this point on, Arab Muslims effectively dominated North Africa, converting the vast majority of the people to Islam and intermarrying with them.
In contrast to the bulk of their North African subjects, who followed the Maliki school, the majority of Turkish-speaking Ottoman Muslims were Hanafi adherents.
The descendants of Turkish families that remain in the area still practice the Hanafi school today.
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