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Hurricanes, pollution, and seasonal climatic extremes are other density-independent variables. Limiting variables that depend on density are frequently biotic—having to do with living things. Two significant examples of variables that depend on density are competition and predation.
What kind of constraints apply to a population that is density-dependent?
Disease, competition, and predation are examples of variables that depend on density. Population size can be correlated positively or negatively with density-dependent characteristics. These growth-restricting elements have a positive association with population size, increasing as the population grows.
Limiting elements in the natural environment, such as access to food, water, shelter, and space, can alter animal and plant populations. Populations may also be affected by other limiting factors like as competition for resources, predatory behaviour, and sickness.
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