The immediate effect of volcanoes on the global climate is cooling.
When a volcano erupts, gases and dust particles got thrown into the atmosphere by the force. These particles shade the earth's surface from incoming solar radiation and reflect the sunlight away, giving a cooling effect on the global climate. This cooling effect can last a long time, depending on the eruption characteristics. The Mount Pinatubo eruption in 1991, for example, caused a significant dip in global temperature for around two years.
While the immediate effect of volcano eruptions on the global climate is a cooling effect, they can also warm the planets in a much longer time frame. That's because greenhouse gases also get thrown into the atmosphere during the eruption, though the amount and involvement got dwarfed by human activities nowadays.
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