European explorers established a color-coded system to exploit and enslave people all over the world.
Generally speaking, "race" is a social construct that is used to categorize individuals who are thought to share a common ancestry based on perceived innate physical characteristics (Morning et al.
These divisions are the result of racial stratification, which is the process by which dominant racial groups—in the American context, whites—are positioned to maintain and advance their positions in relation to other racial groups through the creation of laws, the shaping of institutions, and the enforcement of policies and norms.
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