The temperatures of the Earth's surface and lower atmosphere are most affected by the greenhouse effect. This is because some of the sun's infrared radiation penetrates the atmosphere, but most is absorbed by greenhouse gas molecules and clouds and reemitted in all directions. This effect is a warming of the Earth's surface and lower atmosphere.
Human activities are responsible for the increase in greenhouse gas concentrations. Over the past century, the burning of fossil fuels such as coal and oil has increased the level of carbon dioxide ([tex]CO_{2}[/tex]) in the atmosphere. This increase occurs because carbon combines with oxygen in the air to produce [tex]CO_{2}[/tex] during the process of burning coal or oil.
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