The two fundamental causes of the two-political party in the USA are: 1) The winner-takes-all, first-past-the-post electoral system. 2) The two main parties' inclusiveness, which leaves little room for third parties.
Senators split into opposing parties in the 1790s and the early 1800s over their support or disapproval of the policies of presidents George Washington and John Adams, particularly with regard to the nation's connections with Great Britain and France and the function of the federal government.
General mistrust, policy disagreements, and constitutional disputes between the Federalist and Democratic-Republican parties, led by Alexander Hamilton, contributed to the emergence of political parties in 1790.
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