When an atom contains an equal number of electrons and protons.
In an atomic nucleus, the electromagnetic force pulls an atom's electrons toward the protons. The nuclear force is what pulls the protons and neutrons in the nucleus toward one another. The electromagnetic force that separates the positively charged protons from one another is typically weaker than this force. In some cases, the nuclear force is overpowered by the electromagnetic force that attracts. The nucleus in this instance separates apart, leaving various parts behind. Nuclear decay occurs in this way.
The atomic number, or how many protons are in the nucleus, designates which chemical element an atom is a part of. As an illustration, copper is any atom with 29 protons.
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