All-trans-retinal isomerizes to 13-cis-retinal when ChR2 in the neuronal membrane is exposed to blue light, and this conformational shift opens the ChR2 channel.
The sympathetic nervous system. It serves as the primary controller of visceral functions. It controls the contraction of the urinary tract, the heart rate, and the passage of food through the digestive system.
The hypothalamus' functions. The hypothalamus plays a role in many daily functions, including digestion and hydration, regulation of body temperature and energy levels, learning and memory, and stress management.
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