Because its gain is always negative, the inverting operational amplifier is essentially a constant or fixed-gain amplifier that produces a negative output voltage.
This extremely high gain, though, is of little use to us because it makes the amplifier unstable and difficult to control because even the smallest input signals—a few microvolts (V)—would be enough to cause the output voltage to saturate and swing toward one of the voltage supply rails, causing the output to become completely uncontrollable.
An appropriate resistor connected across the amplifier from the output terminal back to the inverting input terminal can be used to reduce and regulate the overall gain of the amplifier because the open loop DC gain of an operational amplifier is extremely high. The result is what is commonly known as negative feedback.
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