The speed of a bullet as it exits the barrel is known as the muzzle velocity of a firearm.
What is the muzzle velocity formula?
A bullet's kinetic energy and momentum can be calculated using the formulas E k = (1/2) m v 2 and momentum p = m v if its mass m and muzzle velocity v are known.
Black powder musket muzzle velocities ranging from about 120 m/s (390 ft/s) to 370 m/s (1,200 ft/s) to more than 1,200 m/s (3,900 ft/s) in contemporary rifles with high-velocity cartridges like the. 220 Swift and. 22 Long Rifle.
A 180-grain (12 g) bullet fired from a. 357 magnum handgun may produce 580 foot-pounds of force at the muzzle (790 J). Depending on how the cartridge was made, a 110-grain (7.1 g) bullet could only provide 400 foot-pounds force (540 J) of muzzle energy.
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