A virus with an envelope or outer covering. "Budding off" is the process by which the infected cell, or host, produces this envelope. During the budding process, newly formed virus particles are "enveloped," or covered, by a thin layer of the plasma membrane of the cell.
Through membrane fusion, enveloped animal viruses enter their host cells. Depending on the characteristics of the virus fusion protein, this fusion can take place at the plasma membrane of the cell or within the endocytic vacuolar system.
Since these processes, which involve copying RNA to make additional RNA molecules, typically do not occur in cellular organisms, replication takes place in the cytoplasm and is largely independent of the cellular machinery. This is because the particles contain many virus-encoded enzymes that are necessary for RNA replication and transcription.
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