Problem 1 (A Few Random Steps) Consider four molecules, all starting at the origin, which undergo a 1d random walk, each with a 50% chance of going left or right along the x-axis at each time step. A. After 1 time step, what is the probability that 2 particles have gone left and 2 have gone right? Give your answer as a decimal number between 0 and 1 to 3 decimal places. B. After 2 time steps, what is the probability that all of the particles are at the origin? Give your answer as a decimal number between 0 and 1 to 3 decimal places. C. After 2 time steps, what is the probability that none of the particles are at the origin? Give your answer as a decimal number between 0 and 1 to 3 decimal places. D. After two time steps, what is the probability that one or more particles are not at the origin? Give your answer as a decimal number between 0 and 1 to 3 decimal places.

Respuesta :

The probability that 2 particles have gone left and 2 have gone right is 0.375, considering four molecules, all starting at the origin, which undergo a 1d random walk, each with a 50% chance of going left or right along the x-axis at each time step.

Define probability.

Probability measures how likely something is to happen. It is calculated mathematically as a fraction, ratio, or percentage. The formula of the favourable outcome over the total outcomes is used to describe probability. The likelihood of flipping a coin heads is one example. Given that there is only one head and two total sides, 50% of the time, a head will land up-side-down.

Given,

4 particles given,

P(left) = 0.5 = P(right)

Possible combinations in total,

2 × 2 × 2 ×2

16

Combinations that are accepted,

RRLL, LLRR, LRLR, RLRL, RLLR, LRRL

Probability of 2 left and 2 right:

= 6/16

= 3/8

= 0.375

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