During S phase, each chromosome was duplicated and now has two identical copies known as sister chromatids. As a result, each new daughter cell possesses a full set.
A chromosome is a lengthy DNA molecule that contains all or part of an organism's genetic material. Most chromosomes have very long thin DNA strands covered with packing proteins; the most important of these proteins in eukaryotic cells are the histones. These chromosomes have a complicated three-dimensional structure that plays an important function in transcriptional control.
Chromosomes are generally visible under a light microscope only during the metaphase of cell division. Before this occurs, each chromosome is duplicated (S phase), and the two copies are connected by a centromere, resulting in either.
Therefore, Chromosomes are duplicated before cell division so that each new daughter cell has a complete set.
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