star A is brighter and closer. The quantity of light that a star releases from its surface is known as luminosity.
Distance affects how luminosity and apparent brightness differ from one another. The luminosity of a star is an intrinsic quality, therefore anyone who has a way to measure it should arrive at the same result. This is another way to look at these quantities. Although it depends on where you are, perceived brightness is not a fundamental characteristic of the star. Therefore, if everyone is at a different distance from the same star, they will all measure the apparent brightness of the star differently.
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