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Bacterial and eukaryotic initiator tRNAs differ from other tRNAs in that they contain an extra loop structure known as the D-arm. This loop contains a few extra nucleotides that allow the tRNA to bind to the small subunit of the ribosome and to recognize the start codon. This helps them carry out elongation by providing a way for the ribosome to recognize the start codon and begin the process of translation.
The D-arm in initiator tRNAs is unique and is not found in any other type of tRNA. This structure helps the tRNA to bind specifically to the small subunit of the ribosome, which is necessary for the initiation of translation. The loop also contains a few extra nucleotides that allow it to recognize the start codon and begin the process of elongation. This recognition of the start codon is essential for the proper initiation of translation, and the D-arm in initiator tRNAs provides a way for the ribosome to recognize it. Thus, the D-arm helps initiator tRNAs carry out elongation by allowing them to recognize and bind to the start codon, initiating the process of translation.
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