Mechanical waves come in two different varieties: longitudinal waves, in which the medium is moved in the same direction as the wave.
The motion of the wave and the particles is always parallel in longitudinal waves. A classic illustration of a longitudinal wave is a sound wave that is moving through air.
Particles are displaced perpendicular to the wave's direction in a transverse wave. Transverse waves, such as those that cause ripples on the water's surface and vibrations in a string, are examples.
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