When social and economic differences buttress one another, making political conflict more intense and polarizing, social scientists call them reinforcing cleavages.
When cleavages cross over, the conflict can become more intense and polarizing. Class divisions, for example, will be reinforced by the disagreements caused by another division (e.g. race).
A cleft is a historically established social or cultural line that divides members of a society into groups with different political objectives, leading to political conflict between these groups, according to the fields of political science and sociology.
Coinciding Cleavages: Conflicts are more prone to escalate into violence when they pit the same groups against one another. Cross-Cutting Cleavages: When societal divisions break apart into numerous prospective groups that may disagree on certain issues but work together on others.
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