A wave is a transmission of a disturbance from one point to another. Wave involves transmission of energy from one point to another through a materials medium. The movement of energy through a medium is due to vibration of particles.
Based on the vibration of particles waves may either be longitudinal or transverse and also circular for the case of surface waves.
In transverse wave like the one show above, the vibration of particles is perpendicular to the direction of the wave motion. The particles vibrate creating regions of maximum displacement called crests and regions of minimum displacement called troughs.
