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Phospholipids form the main fabric of the plasma membrane. one feature of phospholipids is that when they are placed in an aqueous solution, they will self-assemble into a double layer (bilayer) that resembles the bilayer of the plasma membrane. this self-assembly occurs because phospholipids are hydrophilic at one end (the phospholipid head) and hydrophobic at the other end (the phospholipid tails).

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The bilayer is structured in such a way that it complements the extracellular fluid around the cell as well as the cytoplasm within the cell. This is because the extracellular fluid is hydrophillic, the outside of the membrane protein is hydrophillic, the middle of the membrane protein is hydrophobic, the inside of the cell (the cytoplasm) is hydrophillic and the inside of the membrane protein is hydrophillic.
  • A: Extracellular is hydrophilic in nature
  • B: Cytoplasm is hydrophilic in nature
  • C, D :Plasma membrane
  • E: Membrane protein in middle is hydrophilic
  • F: Membrane Protein outside is hydrophobic
  • G: Membrane protein inside is hydrophilic

Further Explanation:

Phospholipids are the basic foundation of the structure of the plasma membrane. In plasma membrane, the phospholipids are present in the bilayer. The hydrophilic portion is exposed to aqueous surroundings of the cytoplasm. The hydrophobic tails and extracellular fluid are pack inside and can easily protected from these aqueous surrounding. The phospholipid bilayer is consists of membrane proteins which also have hydrophobic and hydrophillic part. Cholesterol is a kind of hydrophobic molecule which is present in the hydrophobic tails of phospholipid bilayer.

The bilayer is a structure through which they balance the cytoplasm inside the cell and extracellular fluid around the cell. The reason behind is that the extracellular fluid present outside the cell is hydrophilic in nature and membrane protein present outside is hydrophilic in nature. The membrane protein present outside is hydrophillic in nature because they are placed adjacent to the hydrophillic head of the layer. On the other hand, nature of the intermembrane protein is hydrophobic because they are aligned near to the hydrophobic tail.

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Answer Details:

Grade: High School

Subject: Biology

Chapter: Cell Membrane

Keywords:

Hydrophobic, hydrophillic, extracellular fluid, intermembrane protein, tail, head, phospholipid bilayer, cholesterol, phospholipids, cytoplasm, membrane protein, nature.

 

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