Answer:
Exposure to certain substances during pregnancy or early childhood can potentially contribute to cognitive disorders or delays. These substances include:
1. **Alcohol:** Prenatal exposure to alcohol can lead to fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), which may include cognitive impairments.
2. **Lead:** Exposure to lead, often found in lead-based paints and some contaminated soils, can affect neurodevelopment and lead to cognitive issues, especially in young children.
3. **Mercury:** High levels of mercury, typically from certain types of fish, can negatively impact the developing nervous system and may lead to cognitive deficits.
4. **Certain Medications:** Some medications, if not used appropriately during pregnancy, may have adverse effects on cognitive development.
5. **Illicit Drugs:** Substance abuse, including the use of illicit drugs, can have detrimental effects on fetal development and may contribute to cognitive disorders.
6. **Environmental Toxins:** Exposure to environmental pollutants, pesticides, and other toxins may pose risks to cognitive development.
It's essential for pregnant individuals and parents to prioritize a healthy lifestyle, avoid harmful substances, and seek medical advice to promote optimal cognitive development in children.
