Earth is, for the main part, connected to space via the magnetic poles. When electrically charged particles from space bombard our planet, visible light occurs; i.e. aurora borealis in the Northern hemisphere or aurora australis in the Southern hemisphere.
The three major differences are: atmosphere (vacuum in space), radiation (high level of dangerous particles), and gravity (weightlessness in space). The first difference between the Earth and space is the atmosphere. The atmosphere of the Earth is composed of a very specific mixture of gases
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