The direct result of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was:
A. Military setbacks for Germany and Austria-Hungary.
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a peace treaty signed between Russia (represented by the Bolshevik government) and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire) during World War I. The treaty resulted in Russia ceding vast territories to the Central Powers in exchange for peace. This allowed Germany and Austria-Hungary to focus their military efforts on the Western Front, leading to temporary military setbacks for them.