Pope Urban II, Saladin, and King Richard the Lion-Hearted are leaders associated with the (2) Crusades. Pope Urban II was a French pope who initiated the First Crusade and was pope for ten years until his death. Saladin was the first sultan of Egypt and Syria and led the Muslim opposition to the Crusades in the Levant Region (Cyprus, Lebanon, Jordan, Palestine, Syria, Turkey). King Richard the Lion-Hearted was a central commander in the Third Crusade and led considerable victories against Saladin, but was unable to retake Jerusalem from the sultan.
