1. Who established the first medieval guilds? Select all that apply. (3 answers for this question)

1. artisans
2. nobles
3. merchants
4. monks
5. scholars
6. serfs
7. tenant farmers

2. How did Louis IX of France stregthen royal power? Select all that apply. (there are 2 answers for this question)

1. He expanded the French army
2. He annexed prosperous lands in Spain and Italy
3. He prohibited wars among lords
4. He sent officials to monitor local government