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Both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria can cause infections in people, generally in environments that enable the bacteria to thrive. Which statement identifies the MOST likely infections?

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The mechanisms of action of antibiotics will be covered during the Pharmacology portion of the course. However at this time, it is prudent to recognize that the basis of antimicrobial action depends on aspects of bacterial structure and metabolism that are distinct from those of our own cells. Most antibiotics fall into five classes affecting: • Cell wall/membrane integrity: Most common antibiotic target of antibiotics, affects peptidoglycan synthesis or integrity of the membrane • Protein synthesis: Second most common category of antibiotics, site of action can be the 50S or 30S ribosomal subunit or peptide chain elongation • RNA synthesis: Target is RNA polymerase, which is necessary for transcription • DNA replication: Targets include topoisomerases that are required for DNA replication itself and enzymes that are required for synthesis of nucleic acids, which are required for DNA replication. • Metabolism: Compounds compete with or inhibit enzymes necessary for production of metabolites essential to bacterial survival including folic acid.
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Aerobic and anaerobic bacteria may cause skin infections such as boils, folliculitis, and impetigo.

Examples of facultative anaerobic bacteria include Escherichia coli, Streptococcus, Alcaligenes, Lactobacillus, and Aerobacter aerogenes.

Further Explanation

Aerobic bacteria are bacteria that need oxygen for their lives. If there is no oxygen, the bacteria will die. Aerobic bacteria use glucose or other organic substances (for example ethanol) to be oxidized to CO2 (carbon dioxide), H2O (water), and some energy. Aerobic bacteria include Nitrosomonas, Nitrosococcus, Nitrobacter, Methanomonas (oxidizing methane), Hydrogenomonas, Thiobacillus thiooxidans, Acetobacter, and Nocardia asteroides (the cause of lung disease).

Obligate aerobic bacteria

Bond aerobes are microorganisms that need oxygen to survive and die due to the absence of the word. An example is the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. Bonded anaerobes are organisms that die when exposed to oxygen, such as Clostridium tetani and Clostridium botulinum, each of which causes tetanus and botulism.

Some diseases caused by bacterial infections include:

  • Anthrax, which is caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis.
  • Lyme disease, which is caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi.
  • Q fever, which is caused by the bacterium Coxiella burnetii.
  • Rheumatic fever, which is caused by Streptococcus type A bacteria.
  • Tuberculosis, which is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
  • Pneumonia, which is caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pneumonia or Mycoplasma pneumonia.
  • Vaginosis, which is caused by anaerobic bacteria.
  • Meningitis, which can be caused by a variety of bacteria, including Streptococcus type B, Neisseria meningitides, and Listeria monocytogenes.
  • Gonorrhea, which is caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

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Details

Grade: High School

Subject: Biology

Keyword: aerob, anaerob, infection

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