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Explain how the hardy-weinberg equation allows us to find evidence of evolution.
b.could processes other than natural selection result in deviation from the hardy-weinberg equilibrium? list and explain each one:
c.define what the process is and
d.the effect it has on the allele frequency.

Respuesta :

The answer is C. define what the process is.
marianaegarciaperedo

A population evolves whenever occurs a deviation from the H-W equilibrium. Apart from Natural Selection, Genetic drift and Gene flow lead to evolution. They change allelic frequencies through generations.

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Populations that are in H-W equilibrium will get the same allelic frequencies generation after generation.

The sum of allelic frequencies equals 1, this is p + q = 1

And the sum of genotypic frequencies also equals 1, this is

p² + 2pq + q² = 1

Being

  • p the dominant allelic frequency,
  • q the recessive allelic frequency,
  • p² the h0m0zyg0us dominant genotypic frequency
  • q² the h0m0zyg0us recessive genotypic frequency
  • 2pq the heter0zyg0us genotypic frequency

Any deviation from this value suggests that something is going on that is breacking equilibrium. This is, if

  • p + q ≠ 1
  • p² + 2pq + q² ≠ 1

When a population is not in H-W equilibrium, we can assume it is evolving. Evolution is going on.

So, the evidence of evolution is that the hardy-weinberg equation does equal one. The result of the addition differes from one.

Different processes can lead to evolution. Appart from Natural Selection, we might mention

  • Genetic drift
  • Gene flow

GENETIC DRIFT

  • Genetic drift is the random change that occurs in the allelic frequency of a population through generations.

  • The magnitude of this change is inversely related to the size of the original population.

  • These changes produced by genetic drift accumulate in time.

  • Eventually, some alleles get lost, while some others might set.

  • Genetic drift affects a population and reduces its size dramatically due to a disaster or pressure -bottleneck effect- or because of a population split -founder effect-.

GENE FLOW

  • Gene flow takes place whenever there is a migration of individuals between two populations and successful reproduction.

  • It involves an interaction between the dispersion pattern and the reproductive system.

  • Gene flow is an evolutive force when occurs a change in the allelic frequency through generations. This is, the allelic and genotypic frequencies change from one generation to the other.

  • Gene flow acts homogenizing the allelic frequencies between the two populations, and it might introduce variability into the new one.

  • The bigger the difference in allelic frequencies between populations is, the bigger is the effect of the gene flow.

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