[tex]\boxed{\text{Three }{\sigma}\text{ bond orbitals}}[/tex]are available for overlap with the vacant p orbital in n-butyl cation.
Further Explanation:
Orbitals refer to mathematical functions describing wave nature of electrons present in atom. This function is used to find probability of electron in specific region around atomic nucleus.
The type of covalent bond that is formed as result of head-on overlap of atomic orbitals is termed as sigma bond. It is very strong in nature. Pi bond is formed by sideways overlapping of orbitals and is therefore not so strong in nature.
Structure of n-butyl cation is shown in attached image. In the structure, one unit positive charge is present on one carbon atom. This positive charge indicates the presence of vacant p orbital. So orbitals of carbon present adjacent to positively charged carbon can overlap with vacant p orbital of that carbon. Since adjacent carbon atom has three sigma bonds, three sigma bond orbitals are available to overlap with vacant p orbital in n-butyl cation.
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Answer details:
Grade: High School
Subject: Chemistry
Chapter: Chemical bonding and molecular structure
Keywords: sigma bond, pi bond, orbitals, mathematical functions, wave nature, electrons, atoms, atomic nucleus, covalent bond, strong, head-on overlap, sideways overlapping, probability, three, n-butyl cation, positively charged carbon, adjacent carbon.
