When researchers compare the percentage of time a speaker looks at a listener to the percentage of time he or she gazes at a speaker, they calculate the visual dominance ratio.
Based on eye contact during an engagement, the Visual Dominance Ratio is a nonverbal behavioral indication of an individual's perceived authority over another person. The ratio is determined by comparing the amount of time spent gazing while listening to the amount of time spent looking while speaking.
When someone makes more eye contact when speaking than when listening, the results are higher. A high Visual Dominance Ratio is seen to show a strong sense of dominance, whereas a low Visual Dominance Ratio is said to show a strong sense of total submission.
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