Respuesta :
1. It is possible for researchers to find null effects because the independent variable really does not cause a significant difference. Option a is correct.
2. Measurement error causes null effects because it leads to high within-groups variability. True.
3. Studies with null effects should be replicated and included in meta-analyses. Option a is correct.
4. Null effects only happen in posttest-only designs. The correct answer is false.
5. Researchers should not report null effects because they are not informative. Option b is correct.
What is the null effect?
The null effect occurs in a research experiment when it is determined that the independent variable makes no significant difference from the dependent variable.
The null effect is an experimental outcome that does not show an otherwise expected effect. This does not imply a result of zero or nothing, it is a result that does not support the hypothesis.
In other words, the null effect happens if the independent variable really does not cause a significant difference.
Also, measurement error causes null effects since it leads to high within-groups variability.
Some design flaws that can lead to null effects include:
- a weak manipulation, that is when the change in the independent variable is not strong enough to affect the dependent variable.
- an insensitive measurement which happens when the dependent variable is not responsive enough to detect a change from the independent variable.
Learn more about null hypotheses at brainly.com/question/10696530
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