Clear streams apparently look shallower than actual stream due to refraction of light.
What is refraction of light?
Refraction is the redirection of a wave as it passes from one medium to another medium. The redirection can be because of the wave's change in speed or by a change in the medium.
The refracted light coming from water always bends away from the normal at the surface. The refracted light coming from rarer to denser medium always bends towards normal at the surface.
When some one see the base of the steam from the top of water, stream base appears elevated to the surface. This happens in water as light travels slower in water than in a vacuum.
To learn more about Refraction here
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